The Evolution Money

Money, term that actually refers to two concepts: the abstract unit of account in terms of which the value of goods, services, and obligations can be compared; and anything that is widely established as a means of payment. Frequently the standard of value also serves as a medium of exchange, but that is not always the case.

Evolution

Many ancient communities, for instance, took cattle as their standard of value but used more manageable objects as means of payment. Exchange involving the use of money is a great improvement over barter, since it permits elaborate specialization and provides generalized purchasing power that the participants in the exchange may use in the future. The growth of monetary institutions has largely paralleled that of trade and industry; today almost all economic activity is concerned with the making and spending of money incomes.

From the earliest times precious metals have had wide monetary use, owing to convenience of handling, durability, divisibility, and the high intrinsic value commonly attached to them. Whether an article is to be regarded as money does not, however, depend on its value as a commodity, except where intrinsic worth is necessary to make it generally acceptable in exchange; the relation between the face value of an object used as money and its commodity value has actually become increasingly remote (see coin).

Paper currency first appeared about 300 years ago; it was usually backed by some "standard" commodity of intrinsic value into which it could be freely converted on demand, but even during the early development of currency, issuance of inconvertible paper money, also called fiat money, was not infrequent (see, for example, Law, John). The world's first durable plastic currency was introduced by Australia in a special issue in 1988 and in a regular issue in 1992. Plastic bills are more resistant to counterfeiting than paper, and a number of countries now issue some plastic currency.

The importance of money has been variously interpreted. While the advocates of mercantilism tended to identify money with wealth, the classical economists, e.g., John Stuart Mill, usually considered money as a veil obscuring real economic phenomena. Since the mid-20th cent., a group known as the monetarists has given increasing attention to the role of money in determining national income and economic fluctuations.

Commodity accepted by general consent as a medium of economic exchange. It is the medium in which prices and values are expressed; it circulates from person to person and country to country, thus facilitating trade. Throughout history various commodities have been used as money, including seashells, beads, and cattle, but since the 17th century the most common forms have been metal coins, paper notes, and bookkeeping entries. In standard economic theory, money is held to have four functions: to serve as a medium of exchange universally accepted in return for goods and services; to act as a measure of value, making possible the operation of the price system and the calculation of cost, profit, and loss; to serve as a standard of deferred payments, the unit in which loans are made and future transactions are fixed; and to provide a means of storing wealth not immediately required for use.

Metals, especially gold and silver, have been used for money for at least 4,000 years; standardized coins have been minted for perhaps 2,600 years. In the late 18th and early 19th century, banks began to issue notes redeemable in gold or silver, which became the principal money of industrial economies.

Temporarily during World War I and permanently from the 1930s, most nations abandoned the gold standard. To most individuals today, money consists of coins, notes, and bank deposits. In terms of the economy, however, the total money supply is several times as large as the sum total of individual money holdings so defined, since most of the deposits placed in banks are loaned out, thus multiplying the money supply several times over. See also soft money.

"Recently they added a list of certain commitments they have, which purely comply with legislation," said Ms Al-Hajj. According to the United Nations Environment Programme 50 tonnes of hazardous e-waste is generated every year. The PlayStation 3 (PS3), Xbox 360, and Nintendo Wii were all found to contain varying amounts of bromine, a toxic flame retardant, and both the Xbox 360 and PS3 tested positive for phthalates and beryllium, which have been linked to organ damage and cancer. "This is one of the most innovative industries we have on the planet. "And whether or not it's a toy, we do not want these chemicals in our products."

Nintendo has also committed to removing PVC from future products, but has not given a specific timeframe. A Nintendo spokesman told BBC News: "We fully comply with all the necessary EU Directives on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances aimed at environmental protection and consumer health and safety. Nintendo is ranked at the bottom of Greenpeace's global assessment of "green" technology companies.

The report found that the PS3 and 360 both contained "very high" levels of chemicals, called phthalates, which are used to "soften" flexible materials like wires and cable coatings. No-one from Microsoft was available for comment on the findings of the Greenpeace report. "RoHS is not enough now to control the electronics industry. "Furthermore, in order to ensure our products are safe for use by young children we also take into consideration the standards applicable to toys." "RoHS is not enough now to control the electronics industry.

They are not permitted in toys sold in Europe but under EU regulations games consoles are not classed as toys. Nintendo is ranked at the bottom of Greenpeace's global assessment of "green" technology companies. Sony, Microsoft and Nintendo are not doing enough to eliminate potentially harmful chemicals and metals from their games consoles, Greenpeace has said. "Furthermore, in order to ensure our products are safe for use by young children we also take into consideration the standards applicable to toys." "This is an industry that is changing our way of life and if it does not take these challenges upon themselves to be more green, we are going to be in deep trouble very, very soon. Zeina Al-Hajj, Greenpeace

The Nintendo spokesman said: "We have endeavoured to eliminate the use of PVC by replacing it with other materials and other methods. The body examined materials used inside the Sony PlayStation 3 (PS3), Microsoft Xbox 360 and Nintendo Wii. According to the United Nations Environment Programme 50 tonnes of hazardous e-waste is generated every year. The report found that the PS3 and 360 both contained "very high" levels of chemicals, called phthalates, which are used to "soften" flexible materials like wires and cable coatings. "It is not enough just to comply with the law for such an industry." She said the European Union's Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive was not strong enough.

"If they are pushed to putting the environment as the priority the electronics industries will come up with alternatives because they are technically capable." "If they are pushed to putting the environment as the priority the electronics industries will come up with alternatives because they are technically capable." A Nintendo spokesman told BBC News: "We fully comply with all the necessary EU Directives on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances aimed at environmental protection and consumer health and safety. "RoHS is not enough now to control the electronics industry. "Furthermore, in order to ensure our products are safe for use by young children we also take into consideration the standards applicable to toys." Microsoft has committed to eliminating the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which includes phthalates, and brominated flame retardants (BFR) by 2010.

Zeina Al-Hajj, Greenpeace No-one from Microsoft was available for comment on the findings of the Greenpeace report. Nintendo's environment policies were "non-existent", Greenpeace added. A Nintendo spokesman told BBC News: "We fully comply with all the necessary EU Directives on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances aimed at environmental protection and consumer health and safety.

Games Console Toxic

"If they are pushed to putting the environment as the priority the electronics industries will come up with alternatives because they are technically capable." "And whether or not it's a toy, we do not want these chemicals in our products." They are not permitted in toys sold in Europe but under EU regulations games consoles are not classed as toys. A spokesman for Sony told BBC News that the company would eliminate PVC and BFR from all of its products "as and when we are satisfied that we can produce products of equal Sony quality in all regards using new alternative materials".

Greenpeace criticised Sony for failing to agree to eliminate PVC and BFR from its games consoles, while at the same time pledging their removal from its mobile products. The PlayStation 3 (PS3), Xbox 360, and Nintendo Wii were all found to contain varying amounts of bromine, a toxic flame retardant, and both the Xbox 360 and PS3 tested positive for phthalates and beryllium, which have been linked to organ damage and cancer. "Recently they added a list of certain commitments they have, which purely comply with legislation," said Ms Al-Hajj. According to the United Nations Environment Programme 50 tonnes of hazardous e-waste is generated every year. A spokesman for Sony said the firm had joined with other companies, Braun, HP and Electrolux, to establish the European Recycling Platform.

Greenpeace urges these companies to recycle used consoles in order to reduce the amount of toxic chemicals introduced into the environment and to eliminate the use of these materials in their products. Greenpeace criticised Sony for failing to agree to eliminate PVC and BFR from its games consoles, while at the same time pledging their removal from its mobile products. Greenpeace urges these companies to recycle used consoles in order to reduce the amount of toxic chemicals introduced into the environment and to eliminate the use of these materials in their products. The body examined materials used inside the Sony PlayStation 3 (PS3), Microsoft Xbox 360 and Nintendo Wii. The report found that the PS3 and 360 both contained "very high" levels of chemicals, called phthalates, which are used to "soften" flexible materials like wires and cable coatings. "It is not enough just to comply with the law for such an industry."

"This is an industry that is changing our way of life and if it does not take these challenges upon themselves to be more green, we are going to be in deep trouble very, very soon. "However, we continue to use PVC in certain products such as AC adaptors, within the scope of regulations from the viewpoint of ensuring safety." Zeina Al-Hajj, Greenpeace Ms Al-Hajj said the electronics industry needed take more responsibility. Ms Al-Hajj said the electronics industry needed take more responsibility.

The report found that all three consoles contained varying levels of the toxic element bromine, which is used as a flame retardant. According to the United Nations Environment Programme 50 tonnes of hazardous e-waste is generated every year. Microsoft has committed to eliminating the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which includes phthalates, and brominated flame retardants (BFR) by 2010. "It is not enough just to comply with the law for such an industry." "This is one of the most innovative industries we have on the planet.

They are not permitted in toys sold in Europe but under EU regulations games consoles are not classed as toys. She said the European Union's Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive was not strong enough. This is an industry that is changing our way of life and if it does not take these challenges upon themselves to be more green we are going to be in deep trouble very, very soon Zeina Al-Hajj, Greenpeace The organisation has called on all technology firms to take immediate action to eliminate toxic chemicals from products.

A Nintendo spokesman told BBC News: "We fully comply with all the necessary EU Directives on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances aimed at environmental protection and consumer health and safety. Video Game Consoles Toxic Video Game Consoles Toxic Greenpeace said it was concerned that there was no "safe way" to dispose of old consoles and called on games console makers to introduce return and recycle policies. Greenpeace said that while all three machines complied with European laws, the consoles still contained harmful materials that "needed to be replaced".

Business Reasons to Invest in a Domain Name

Tough economic times call for small businesses to get creative and acquiring a domain name is an important first step in building a successful online business. If your business isn't already online, here are 5 reasons why purchasing a domain name just might be the solution you need. Let us help you find one that matches your business needs

1. COST
The cost of acquiring a premium domain names is cheaper than continuously paying for local or regional print advertising.

2. THE INTERNET IS KING
Customers now look to the internet first where they can find you 24/7. When was the last time you flipped through the Yellow Pages?

3. GEOGRAPHY
You can immediately reach a broader market with the Internet because your site is always available to all potential customers no matter what time it is where they are.

4. CUSTOMER CONTACT
You can more easily stay in touch with your prospects and customers by gathering their email address and interests directly from your website.

5. MEASUREABLE AND FLEXIBLE MARKETING OPTIONS
Online advertising is easy to track and adjust based on your budget. Dial up or dial down your marketing efforts depending on how well they are generating traffic.

Tips Succes Online Businnes

Anda Gagal Berbisnis OL?

Bacalah dengan seksama dan pahami tips2 sederhana ini. Insya Allah Anda bisa sukses berbisnis OL.

Sebenarnya menjalani bisnis OL itu membutuhkan paling tidak hal2 berikut :
1. feeling (bukan nafsu)
2. observation (bukan looking)
3. togetherness (bukan doing alone)
4. Doa dan Semangat

# Feeling (bukan Nafsu)
Diakui atau tidak, ketika kita terjun ke dunia bisnis OL, nafsu-lah yang menguasai Anda pada saat itu. Nah, yang harus kita lakukan adalah menghilangkan nafsu. Mengapa harus dihilangkan, karena nafsu PASTI akan menjerumuskan Anda.
Sebagai contoh, Saya pernah terpengaruh (dan nafsu menguasai saya)untuk mengikuti program investing di glomdex yang katanya bisa balik modal 300% dalam 36 jam. Saya investkan $100. Namun, kenyataannya saya kena SCAM habis2an, bahkan eGold saya terkuras habis. Mungkin Anda sendiri pernah mengalami hal seperti itu bukan?
Oleh karena itu, gunakanlah feeling Anda, hati nurani Anda ketika mengikuti suatu program.

# Observation (bukan Looking)
Sebagianpelaku bisnis OL, sering melakukan kesalahan dalam memilih bisnis OL yang akan diikuti. Mereka hanya melakukan aktivitas looking(melihat secara sepintas) bukan observation (mengamati dan mempelajari secara mendetail). Seharusnya, dalam memilih bisnis OL, lakukan dengan mendetail. Pelajari sistemnya, bonusnya, prospek ke depan, peluang penghasilan, resiko, dll. Ada satu hal, yang selalu saya lakukan dalam memilih bisnis OL, yang mungkin bisa Anda coba, yaitu menelpon admin owner bisnis tsb. Lakukanlah, dan Anda akan merasakan manfaatnya.

# Togetherness (bukan Doing Alone)
Selalu lakukan bisnis OL secara bersama-sama. Anda akan lebih mudah bekerja dan penghasilkan penghasilan secara optimal HANYA JIKA Anda melakukannya bersama orang lain, entah itu DL Anda, upline Anda, atau konsultan bisnis Anda. Percayalah.. .

# Doa dan Semangat
Saya rasa untuk yang satu ini, Anda sudah tahu bukan?

Jadi, mulailah menjalani bisnis OL dengan tips2 sederhana di atas...

Sujud Syukur dari hambaMu

Ya Allah,

Aku berterima kasih kepada-Mu (....bersyukur....)
dimana aku dan keluargaku diberikan kesehatan gratiiis
dan terlebih keselamatan, semoga di dunia dan akhirat...Amien

Untukku, Engkau beri kesempatan belajar
yah tentunya aku juga nyari belajar yang gratiiis
walaupun tetap bayar warnet, pengetahuanku jadi lumayan tidak terlalu gaptek

Untukku, Engkau beri kesempatan berhutang
nah yang ini mikirinnya sampe botak
sampai aku tulis ini belum lunas juga he he he...

Untukku, Engkau berikan isteri dan anak2 yang cantik
aku mohon kepadaMu semoga diberikan lindungan
dan ditunjukkan jalan yang lurus menjadi orang yang soleh& solehah


Ya Allah dalam sujud syukurku

aku mohon petunjukMu (ridhloMu juga)
smoga diberi jalan yang terang dan lurus
trus hutang bisa segera lunas

keimananku dan keluargaku smakin bertambah kepadaMu
dalam beribadah bekalku diberikan kecukupan
Amien Ya Robbal Alamin

Social NETworking

A social network is a social structure made of modes which are generally individuals or organizations.

Social Networking online
-Creates a passionate community of registered users and repeat visitors.
-Allows users to interact with the website.
-Allows users to share their opinions.
-USers can have their own page of bookmarks (favorites) for friends to see.
-Imagine your IE bookmarks on page for the world to see.

Source : Published for authority BLack Book Tell-A-Friend Participants

Do Not Judge the Book by its Cover

The first time I welcomed a customer in my office in Branch X, I felt very excited even though he was just asking for information. It would have meant that my promotion activities had started to get responses.
The name of the customer was XXX, who was working in a construction business. He looked scary with a big body, didn't talk much and wore simple clothing. I started to feel pessimistic with this prospective customer.

He seemed like he didn't have a good character and talked carelessly. I felt a little bit of disrespect with this prospective customer, but then I realized that it's not wise to judge someone just from their appearance.
After I interviewed him and tried to learn a bit more about him and his situation, then I gave approval to his application. I reminded him to maintain his good image by doing business either with the Finance Company or with the Bank to earn their trust and make it easier to conduct business in the future.

I monitored his payment every month. I also never forgot to give special attention such as sending birthday cards or passing out our souvenirs. He seemed quite thrilled to receive BFI's souvenirs, even though he could actually buy better things than those.

It has turned out that his payment history has been excellent and he has become BFI's loyal customer even though he has received many better offers from our competitors. He has conducted 18 contracts in BFI with good payments. He has even treated us like his children.
He always makes jokes every time he comes to visit us. To me this is my first lesson: "Never judge people from their appearance but try to get to know them a bit deeper". Give good service by giving them some attention or advice about their business if needed.

Did I marry the right person?

Sebuah Terjemahan Bebas dari "Did I marry the right person?"
Cerita di bawah ini sangat bagus, buat yang masih single maupun yang
sudah nikah. Buat mereka yang masih single bisa mengambil pelajaran dari
cerita ini, dan buat yang udah nikah, cerita ini bisa jadi guideline
untuk meningkatkan ikatan pernikahan yang udah dijalani. "Apakah saya
menikah dengan orang yang tepat?"

Dalam sebuah seminar rumah tangga, seorang audience tiba-tiba
melontarkan pertanyaan yang sangat lumrah,"Bagaimana saya tahu kalo saya
menikah dengan orang yang tepat?" Saya melihat ada seorang lelaki
bertubuh besar duduk di sebelahnya jadi saya menjawab "Ya.. tergantung.
Apakah pria disebelah anda itu suami anda?" Dengan sangat serius dia
balik bertanya "Bagaimana anda tahu?!"
Biarkan saya jawab pertanyaan yang sangat membebani ini. Inilah
jawabannya... SETIAP ikatan memiliki siklus. Pada saat-saat awal sebuah
hubungan, anda merasakan jatuh cinta dengan pasangan anda. Telpon dariya
selalu ditunggu-tunggu, begitu merindukan belaian sayangnya, dan begitu
menyukai perubahan sikap-sikapnya yang bersemangat begitu menyenangkan.
Jatuh cinta kepada pasangan bukanlah hal yang sulit. Jatuh cinta
merupakan hal yang sangat alami dan pengalaman yang begitu spontan.
Tidak perlu berbuat apapun. Makanya dikatakan "jatuh" cinta... Orang
yang sedang kasmaran kadang mengatakan "Aku mabuk cinta!" Bayangkan
ekspresi tersebut! Seakan-akan anda sedang berdiri tanpa melakukan
apapun, lalu tiba-tiba sesuatu datang dan terjadi begitu saja pada anda.

Jatuh cinta itu mudah. Sesuatu yang pasif dan spontan. Tapi... setelah
beberapa tahun perkawinan, gempita cinta itu pun akan pudar. Perubahan
ini merupakan siklus alamiah dan terjadi pada SEMUA ikatan. Perlahan
tapi pasti... telpon darinya menjadi hal yang merepotkan, belaiannya
tidak selalu diharapkan dan sikap-sikapnya yang bersemangat bukannya
jadi hal yang manis tapi malah nambahin penat yang ada. Gejala-gejala
pada tahapan ini bervariasi pada masing-masing individu, namun bila anda
memikirkan tentang rumah tangga anda, anda akan mendapati perbedaaan
yang dramatis antara tahap awal ikatan, pada saat anda jatuh cinta,
dengan kepenatan-kepenatan bahkan kemarahan pada tahapan-tahapan
selanjutnya.
Dan pada situasi inilah pertanyaan "Did I marry the right person?" mulai
muncul, baik dari anda atau dari pasangan anda, atau dari keduanya.. Nah
lho! Dan ketika anda maupun pasangan anda mencoba merefleksikan euphoria
cinta yang pernah terjadi.. anda mungkin mulai berhasrat menyelami
euphoria-euphoria cinta itu dengan orang lain. Dan ketika pernikahan itu
akhirnya kandas... Masing-masing sibuk menyalahkan pasangannya atas
ketidakbahagiaan itu dan mencari pelampiasan diluar. Berbagai macam
cara, bentuk dan ukuran untuk pelampiasan ini, mengingkari kesetiaan
merupakan hal yang paling jelas.
Sebagian orang memilih untuk menyibukkan diri dengan pekerjaannya,
hobinya, pertemanannya, nonton TV sampe TVnya bosen ditonton, ataupun
hal-hal yang menyolok lainnya. Tapi tahukah Anda?! Bahwa jawaban atas
dilema ini ngga ada diluar, justru hanya ada di dalam pernikahan itu
sendiri. Selingkuh?? Ya mungkin itu jawabannya. Saya ngga mengatakan
kalo anda ngga boleh ataupun ngga bisa selingkuh, Anda bisa! Bisa saja
ataupun boleh saja anda selingkuh dan pada saat itu anda akan merasa
lebih baik, tapi itu bersifat temporer, dan setelah beberapa tahun anda
akan mengalami kondisi yang sama (seperti sebelumnya pada perkawinan
anda).

Karena.. (pahamilah dengan seksama hal ini) KUNCI SUKSES PERNIKAHAN
BUKANLAH MENEMUKAN ORANG YANG TEPAT, NAMUN BAGAIMANA BELAJAR MENCINTAI
ORANG YANG ANDA TEMUKAN, DAN TERUS MENERUS! Cinta bukanlah hal yang
PASIF ataupun pengalaman yang spontan. Cinta TIDAK AKAN PERNAH begitu
saja terjadi... Kita tidak akan bisa MENEMUKAN cinta yang selamanya.
Kita harus MENGUSAHAKANNYA dari hari ke hari. Benar juga ungkapan
"diperbudak cinta" karena cinta itu perlu waktu, usaha, dan energi. Dan
yang paling penting, cinta itu butuh sikap BIJAK. Kita harus tahu benar
APA YANG HARUS DILAKUKAN agar rumah tangga berjalan dengan baik. Jangan
membuat kesalahan untuk hal yang satu ini.
Cinta bukanlah MISTERI. Ada beberapa hal spesifik yang bisa dilakukan
(dengan ataupun tanpa pasangan anda) agar rumah tangga berjalan lancar.
Sama halnya dengan hukum alam pada ilmu físika (seperti gaya gravitasi),
dalam suatu ikatan rumah tangga juga ada hukumnya. Sama halnya dengan
diet yang tepat dan olahraga yang benar dapat membuat tubuh kita lebih
kuat, beberapa kebiasaan dalam hubungan rumah tangga juga DAPAT membuat
rumah tangga itu lebih kuat. Ini merupakan reaksi sebab akibat. Jika
kita tahu dan mau menerapkan hukum-hukum tersebut, tentulah kita bisa
"MEMBUAT" cinta bukan "JATUH". Karena cinta dalam pernikahan
sesungguhnya merupakan sebuah DECISION, dan bukan cuma PERASAAN.

Expand Beyond Your Routine

Dear All,

At this moment you read message the above consist of 3 categories action of people:
A...Laughing and boring
B...Think at this time and big impact (with reaction can at 30-45 minutes for health)
C...No reaction at this message

After you know your type, ask for your with honest: Are Happy and Satisfied with your Life Scorecard?

Good Luck


This Message :

"One of the greatest impediments to explore new thing/way, is routine.
We often go to the same places all the time-the same gas stations, coffee shop, grocery store and restaurants and use the same way to do things.
We employ the same providers of services. We use the same companies for our business. It's just easy.
But sometimes we need to shake things up and try something new.
It's all about getting outside of your comfort zone."

-The 360' leader-

World on the Hand with Internet and Word of Mouth

"We believe word of mouth is a powerful influence on purchase behavior....Satisfied customers put theri own credibility at risk when they make a recommendation" by Victoria Hodson, head of marketing intelligence British Airways.

The most significant marketing phenomenon in the twenty first century is the power of advocacy, otherwise known as word of mouth. And the internet can help to growth marketing because many people have the computer and what this look for with browsing.